Understanding Workers’ Compensation in California

If you’ve been injured at work, you may have heard the term “workers’ compensation.” But what does it actually mean — and how does it apply to California employees?  

Workers’ compensation is a state-mandated insurance program designed to provide benefits to employees who suffer job-related injuries or illnesses. In simple terms, it’s meant to help injured workers get medical care and wage replacement while they recover from injury.

In California, nearly every employer is required to carry workers’ compensation insurance — even if they only have one employee on staff. This means most workers are protected, regardless of the type of business or size.

What Workers’ Compensation Generally Covers

Although every case is unique, workers’ compensation typically provides:

• Medical treatment related to the injury or illness
• Temporary disability benefits if you can’t work while recovering
• Permanent disability benefits if your injury results in long-term impairment
• Supplemental job displacement benefits to help with retraining if you can’t return to your old job
• Death benefits for families of workers who lose their lives due to workplace injury

These benefits are designed to support the recovery of the affected employee and/or the employee’s family members — not to punish an employer or assign fault. 

Common Workplace Injuries Covered Under Workers’ Comp

California workers’ compensation covers a wide range of injuries and illnesses, including:

• Slip-and-fall injuries at work
• Repetitive stress injuries (like carpal tunnel)
• Chemical exposure or respiratory issues
• Back injuries from lifting or repetitive motion
• Mental health conditions related to workplace trauma

Workplace injuries don’t always happen in obvious or dramatic ways. In some circumstances, even gradual or stress-related injuries can fall under workers’ compensation coverage. However, not all cases of stress or anxiety qualify for workers’ comp benefits.

If you’re wondering what your options are when stress and anxiety aren’t covered, you can read more in our related post: “Can I Sue My Employer for Stress and Anxiety?” — where we explore how some employees consider alternative routes when workplace stress becomes overwhelming.

What does workers’ compensation not cover?

Workers’ compensation typically does not cover:

• Injuries sustained outside of work
• Self-inflicted injuries
• Misconduct or intoxication-related incidents
• Stress or anxiety not directly tied to workplace events

How the Workers’ Compensation Process Typically Works

If you’ve been injured on the job, there are a few standard steps most employees follow to start a workers’ compensation claim:

1. Report the injury right away to your employer — delays can affect eligibility.
2. Document what happened — when, where, and how the injury occurred.
3. Seek medical care from an approved provider if required by your employer’s insurance.
4. File a claim form (DWC-1) to officially begin the workers’ compensation process.

From there, the insurance carrier evaluates your claim, determines eligibility, and decides what benefits may apply.

Why Seek Help From A Workers’ Compensation Attorney

Navigating a workers’ compensation claim can feel complicated — especially when dealing with medical paperwork, employer communication, or a denied claim.

That’s where work comp attorneys and workers compensation lawyers come in. While every case is different, many employees reach out for guidance if:

• Their claim has been delayed or denied
• They’re not receiving the correct medical benefits
• Their employer retaliates after reporting an injury
• They’re unsure of what next steps to take

At Lawyers for Justice, P.C. our team helps workers understand their rights and options when facing challenges after a workplace injury.

State-Specific Considerations for California

Although there are many similarities, each state handles workers’ compensation differently. In California, some key considerations include:

• Employers must have workers’ compensation insurance (even for one employee).
• Although there are exceptions, typically, you’re covered from your first day on the job.
• Undocumented workers are still eligible for benefits. They are extended the same protections as documented workers.
• California has strict deadlines for reporting injuries and filing claims.

If an employee is injured at work, they’re generally expected to notify their employer right away — ideally within a few days of the incident. California law sets clear timeframes for when injuries must be reported and when official claim forms should be submitted to stay eligible for benefits.

For example, employees usually have 30 days to report the injury to their employer, and there are additional deadlines for filing the official workers’ compensation claim form (DWC-1). These timelines exist to ensure the injury can be verified promptly and medical treatment can begin as soon as possible.

While every situation is unique, it’s important for workers to act quickly after a workplace injury — waiting too long could impact eligibility for benefits or delay medical care.

If you’re unsure about what steps to take or when, it can help to speak with someone who understands the California workers’ compensation process.

Can I sue my employer if I receive workers’ compensation?

Generally, employees cannot sue their employer for workplace injuries once they’ve accepted workers’ compensation benefits. However, if a third party (such as a subcontractor, manufacturer, or negligent driver) caused the injury, a separate legal claim might be possible.

Can I continue working while receiving workers’ compensation benefits?

In some cases, yes. Employees can sometimes perform “light duty” or modified work, depending on medical clearance and employer policy. Always consult with your doctor before resuming work duties.

Can an employer deny a workers’ compensation claim?

Yes. Employers or insurance companies may deny claims for various reasons, including missed deadlines, incomplete paperwork, or questions about whether the injury was job-related. An experienced workers compensation lawyer can help you appeal a denied claim.

How long do I have to file a workers’ compensation claim?

Filing deadlines vary by state, but it’s best to report your injury immediately and file your claim as soon as possible. Waiting too long could affect your eligibility for benefits or delay your claim processing.

How are workers’ compensation benefits calculated?

Benefit amounts are typically based on a percentage of your average weekly wage prior to the injury, as well as the severity and classification of your disability (temporary or permanent). Each state uses its own calculation formula.

Do I need a workers’ compensation attorney?

While it’s not legally required to have an attorney, many workers find it helpful. A work comp attorney can:

• Ensure all forms are filed correctly and on time
• Gather evidence and documentation
• Communicate with insurance companies
• Represent you if your claim is denied or disputed

What happens if my employer doesn’t have workers’ compensation insurance?

Most states require employers to carry workers’ compensation insurance. If your employer does not, you may still have legal options to pursue compensation for your medical bills and lost wages.

Does workers’ compensation cover mental health or stress injuries?

In some cases, yes — but it depends on state laws and whether the mental health condition was caused by a specific workplace incident. Some states allow claims for “psychiatric injuries” or “mental stress,” while others limit coverage.

Can I receive workers’ compensation for repetitive motion injuries?

Yes. Repetitive strain injuries (like back pain, tendonitis, or carpal tunnel) that develop over time from job duties can often be covered under workers’ compensation.

Empowering California Workers

Every worker deserves to feel safe, supported, and protected at work. Understanding the basics of workers’ compensation is the first step toward making sure you get the care and recovery time you need after an injury.

If you’ve been hurt on the job or are struggling with a workers’ compensation claim, our team is here to help you understand your options — without obligation. Click here for a complimentary consultation. 

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and is not intended as legal advice. For questions about your specific situation, consider speaking directly with a qualified employment or workers’ compensation attorney. Click here for a complimentary evaluation from a Lawyers for Justice, P.C. team member. Or, call (818) JUSTICE.